Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and many etiologic factors are implicated in etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Although pathogenic bacteria have been the main causative factor in periodontal disease, host response accounts for the majority of periodontal destruction by releasing various inflammatory mediators, which has a negative impact on the periodontium. The host immune responses are regulated by various classes of T-cell subsets. Initially, periodontal disease can be explained with the T-helper 1/T-helper 2 paradigm. However, the discrepancies associated with it have led to the discovery of T-helper 17, which is responsible for the secretion of the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17). IL-17 is mainly a proinflammatory cytokine associated with periodontal inflammation, but controversies still exist with regard to whether they have a protective or destructive role in periodontal disease. Thus, the emergence of IL-17 has opened a new perspective of periodontal disease pathogenesis, but more number of researches is needed in this field to consider IL-17 as a predictable biomarker for periodontal disease.

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Loss or absence of permanent teeth in a growing individual due to genetic or syndromic conditions, trauma, or due to extensive carious lesions requires prosthodontic rehabilitation. Conventional approaches such as removable partial dentures, complete dentures, and fixed dentures may not satisfy the needs of a growing patient due to its several disadvantages. In adults, the introduction of dental implants has offered a stable, durable, and hygienic alternative to missing teeth by restoring the function, preserving the alveolar bone and by giving excellent esthetics, restoring the individual's confidence and social acceptability. However, their use in a growing patient is still debatable. This study aims to present an in-depth review on the use of dental implants in pediatric dentistry. Implants in a growing child require special consideration because of osseointegration between implant and developing alveolar bone. The development of maxilla and mandible along with continued eruption of the remaining teeth plays an important role in ideal implant placement. Studies and case reports have advocated the use of implants in pediatric patients, but the results for ideal implant placement timing are still inconclusive. As these studies offer the evidence of the potential use of implants in growing individuals, further long-term, controlled studies should be planned to study the benefits.

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Background: One of the unfavorable outcomes of endodontic treatment in primary molars is furcal perforation. During treatment, bacterial infection at the site of perforation should be prevented for better prognosis. Aim: This article compares the Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, and Cention N Cement in the Repair of Furcation Perforations. Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, caries free permanent mandibular molars with non-fused, well developed roots were selected for this study. Perforations created in the pulpal floors of 36 extracted molars were repaired with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine and Cention N. After that pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin, the teeth were then immersed in 2% Methylene blue dye for 48 hrs. After longitudinal sectioning of the teeth in bucco-lingual direction, dye penetration was measured using stereomicroscope. Results: Biodentine and MTA showed no statistically significant difference in their sealing ability. CN showed better sealing ability compared to Biodentine and MTA. Conclusion: All materials used for sealing of the furcal perforation showed some microleakage. Cention N showed better sealing ability than MTA and Biodentine.

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Context: We examined the content of YouTube™ videos on oral cancer and evaluated their usefulness in promoting the early detection of oral cancer. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the videos available on YouTube™ related to dentistry and the oral cancer. Settings and Design: An analytic observation was performed. Subjects and Methods: The top 245 English-language videos on oral cancer with at least 300 views were analyzed. Demographics of videos, including target audience, source, country of origin, content, number of views, time watched, average views, duration, like/dislike ratio, and two researchers independently assessed the videos for usefulness in promoting the early detection of oral cancer. Statistical Analysis Used: Total video information and quality index (VIQI) scores were calculated, consisting information, accuracy, quality, and precision indices. Nonparametric tests were used for the analysis. Results: A total of 245 YouTube™ videos (147) patient-oriented educational videos and 98 testimonial videos) were analyzed. There was no significant association between video usefulness and viewing rate, viewers' involvement, or video duration, and the most valuable videos were ranked last on the viewing list. When compared to videos produced by professional organizations or health-care professionals, videos uploaded by individual users were less useful. A comparison of the indices according to the relevance of the videos showed statistically significant differences in the videos' information and precision indices and total VIQI scores. Conclusions: By uploading beneficial videos and referring patients to credible information sources, health-care professionals, academic institutions, and professional organizations can improve the content of YouTube™ regarding oral cancer.

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Dental anterior open bite is a condition which is characterized by decreased incisor dentoalveolar height. The occlusal planes in the dental anterior open bite usually diverge from the mesial to the first premolar forwardly. This case report describes the treatment of dental anterior open bite. A male patient aged 23 years presented 6.0 mm anterior open bite along with increased lower anterior facial height. Other features included incompetent lip, deficient incisor display during rest and smile, and irregular upper and lower anteriors. Management included extrusion of both upper and lower anterior teeth with camouflage nonextraction therapy. There was no recurrence of anterior open bite, and a balanced occlusion was maintained during the follow-up of next 2 years after treatment completion which suggested a long-term stability of occlusion.

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The Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is specifically congenital, nonhereditary, and rare condition of unknown etiology. It belongs to a group of disorders collectively known as the phakomatoses (“motherspot” diseases). In its complete tri-symptomatic form, SWS is physically characterized by port-wine stains over the trigeminal area, leptomeningeal angiomas usually over the parieto-occipital region, and eye abnormalities. Clinical manifestation of SWS depends on the affected organs and can include seizures, mental retardation, and glaucoma.

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Nowadays, single implant-retained overdenture (SIROD) has gained popularity over two/multi-implant-supported overdenture. Prosthetic success of SIROD depends on second-stage surgical procedure for implant exposure with surrounding tissue manipulation. The anatomy and soft-tissue support around implants are different than that around teeth. Unlike the supportive periodontal ligament around teeth, a direct anchorage of connective tissue to the surface of the implant is not possible, and the mechanical quality of this attachment is low. This is especially important because the implant-supported restoration is located beneath the oral mucosa. These differences are important to understand the susceptibility of implant for infection in case of implant-supported overdenture with inadequate width of keratinized gingiva and shallow vestibule. In the present case report with the use of pterygium sutures and diode laser, successful implant exposure without hindrance of surrounding mucosal or muscle pull could be achieved.

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Permanent canine agenesis is a rare condition but absence of permanent canines in both the maxillary and mandibular arches are even rarer. It can happen on its own or in combination with other dental issues. There are very few reports of such cases in the literature. This is the third case in the Indian population that has been reported, to the best of our knowledge. It is critical to have a correct diagnosis and treatment strategy in such rare cases. In an 8-year-old male child, we report an unusual case of canine agenesis of both maxillary and mandibular permanent canines, as well as congenital absence of mandibular central incisors and appearance of shovel-shaped incisors.

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